Nova Impendet

On the Economic Crisis

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Under copyright, held by the Holy See. US term runs 95 years from publication (public domain from 2027).

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Nova Impendet (1931). On the Economic Crisis. docs.church. https://docs.church/nova-impendet

Official citation

Pius XI, Nova Impendet (2 October 1931). https://www.papalencyclicals.net/pius11/p11impen.htm